Dokumen ini terkait dengan rencana diskusi yang akan dilaksanakan pada hari Selasa 7 Feb 2023

#self-supplied #groundwatersources #waterresources #hydrogeology #urbanhydrogeology

ASSESSING WHERE SELF-SUPPLIED GROUNDWATER IS

A HEALTH RISK Masters Stage 1 Assessment

Paul Hansen, Institute of Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney Supervisors: Prof Juliet Willetts and Dr Tim Foster

Abstract Self-supply from groundwater sources is common in urban Indonesia and there is strong evidence that many of these sources have faecal contamination. In Indonesia, approximately 58% of urban households use self-supplied sources, predominantly groundwater from dug wells or boreholes. For approximately 28% of urban households (so approximately 44 million people), their self-supplied water is their main drinking water source while for the remaining 30% of households self-supply is only used for non-drinking water purposes (Foster et al., 2021). Water from these self-supplied groundwater sources is often contaminated with pathogens, evidenced by the presence of faecal indicator bacteria (FIB). A study in Metro and Bekasi cities found 66% of sources, including 55% of boreholes, 64% of protected dug wells, and 82% of unprotected dug wells had E Coli present (Genter et al., 2022). In another study in Yogyakarta, E Coli was detected in 89.2% of drinking water sources (Cronin et al., 2017).

Notes

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dD8lztAcjdMd8zk65LZcLiO9OgKgz8dT/view?usp=sharing

The issues that arise in the study related to this:

  1. The situation is very complex: physical, social, economic aspects, etc.
  2. Physical aspects itself have several problems:
    1. Undocumented hydrogeological data.
    2. Interaction between river water and groundwater, as well as shallow aquifers and deep aquifers.
    3. Geological structures that cause number 2 to occur.
  3. Likewise, social aspects will provide even more variations.
  4. The DRASTIC method can be used to describe physical aspects, but it should be noted that there is always the possibility that the data required is not available.
  5. Therefore, it is necessary to search for literature in multiple languages (not just English) to find other scientific papers or documents that contain data or information.
  6. A kind of expert justification will be needed to explain the different hydrogeological conditions at different study locations, for example for the case of Java Island: the situation in Jakarta, Semarang, and Surabaya, but will be different from Bandung and Yogyakarta.
  7. Regarding the data. Yes it may be accessed but it cannot be downloaded (it’s not a reproducible data). So i think they’re not data. They’re just a picture of data. We can talk to BKAT office regarding monitoring wells and measure the water quality from those selected wells
  8. The geological barrier most likely will be weak because we have alluvium sediments. So we have no proper clay layers to seal shallow and deep aquifers.