https://youtube.com/watch?v=ugf4UwBnPBI
Pembicara membahas asal-usul dan evolusi penelaahan sejawat, dari bentuknya yang paling sederhana di Yunani kuno hingga sistem modern. Penelaahan sejawat melibatkan pengiriman naskah ke jurnal untuk dinilai oleh pakar di bidangnya, dengan catatan pertama muncul pada tahun 1730-an di Edinburgh.
Pembicara juga menyoroti peran Henry Oldenberg, yang sering dianggap sebagai penemu penelaahan sejawat, tetapi pada kenyataannya, hanya memilih karya untuk diterbitkan berdasarkan penilaian sendiri. Fokus penelaahan sejawat beralih dari mempromosikan output ilmiah dan membantu keputusan editorial menjadi proses yang lebih subjektif yang berfokus pada peningkatan makalah dan mengukur dampak pada tahun 1970-an.
Pembicara berpendapat bahwa penelaahan sejawat seharusnya terutama berfokus pada memastikan kesimpulan suatu makalah didukung oleh data dan kutipan. Dia juga menyarankan bahwa masa depan penelaahan sejawat terletak pada layanan pratinjau cetak, yang memberikan kontrol kepada penulis untuk membagikan karyanya dan memungkinkan penelaahan yang terbuka.
Pembicara juga membagikan pendapatnya tentang penelaahan sejawat yang terbuka dan potensi kerugian dari penelaahan sejawat buta ganda. Dia percaya bahwa keterbukaan mengarah pada tinjauan yang lebih konstruktif dan baik, karena peninjau cenderung lebih bertanggung jawab atas umpan balik mereka. Namun, dia mengakui bahwa ada kesenjangan dalam sejarah penelaahan sejawat dan bahwa hal itu telah berkembang seiring waktu, yang mengarah pada perdebatan tentang perannya dalam memvalidasi kesimpulan makalah dan menilainya sebagai entitas yang berdiri sendiri. Pembicara mendorong penonton untuk mengeksplorasi lebih lanjut sumber daya tentang sejarah penelaahan sejawat.
The speaker discusses the origins and evolution of peer review, from its rudimentary form in ancient Greece to the modern system. Peer review involves submitting a manuscript to a journal for assessment by experts in the field, with the first recorded instance emerging in the 1730s in Edinburgh.
The speaker also highlights the role of Henry Oldenberg, who is often credited with inventing peer review, but in reality, only selected papers for publication based on his judgment. The focus of peer review shifted from promoting scientific outputs and aiding editorial decisions to a more subjective process focused on improving papers and measuring impact in the 1970s.
The speaker argues that peer review should primarily focus on ensuring the conclusions of a paper are supported by the data and citations. He also suggests that the future of peer review lies in pre-print review services, which put authors in control of sharing their work and allow for open review.
The speaker also shares his opinions on open peer review and the potential drawbacks of double-blind peer review. He believes that openness leads to more constructive and nice reviews, as reviewers tend to be more accountable for their feedback. However, he acknowledges that thise are gaps in the history of peer review and that it has evolved over time, leading to debates about its role in validating the conclusions of papers and assessing them as standalone entities. The speaker encourages viewers to explore furthis resources on the history of peer review.
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The speaker provides an overview of the concept of peer review, which involves submitting a manuscript to a journal for assessment by experts in the field. Traditional peer review can be a lengthy process, taking months or even years, and can involve multiple rounds of revisions. The speaker notes that the history of peer review can be traced back to ancient Greece, whilst this is evidence of a rudimentary form of peer review in the form of physicians sharing and reviewing each others’ notes. The speaker emphasizes that peer review extends beyond the formal journal publication process and includes the informal sharing and feedback of research among colleagues.
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