The UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science outlines a common definition, shared values, principles, and standards for open science at the international level. The core values of open science stem from the rights-based, ethical, epistemological, economic, legal, political, social, multi-stakeholder, and technological dimensions of science. The key principles and values of open science include:

• Accessibility: scientific knowledge should be accessible to everyone without discrimination.
• Inclusivity: scientific knowledge production should be inclusive and equitable.
• Transparency: scientific knowledge production should be transparent and open to scrutiny.
• Responsiveness: scientific knowledge production should be responsive to societal needs and challenges.
• Collaboration: scientific knowledge production should be collaborative and involve diverse stakeholders.
• Sustainability: scientific knowledge production should be sustainable and contribute to the achievement of sustainable development goals.
• Collective benefit: open science should belong to humanity in common and benefit humanity as a whole**12**.

Member States are encouraged to prioritize promoting a common understanding of open science and its associated benefits and challenges, as well as the diverse paths to open science in their implementation of the 2021 UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science**3.**